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List of Important Intelligence/Detective Agencies of the World: Check Here

List of Important Intelligence/Detective Agencies of the World: Intelligence Detective agencies plays a crucial role in security of the nations. These intelligence agencies have professional officers who knows every trick to get the the required information for the nation’s benefit.

An intelligence or detective agency is a government agency which is liable for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, and foreign policy objectives

Intelligence agencies provides the following information to the National Government.

Give early warning of impending crises planned by terrorists.
Serve national and international crisis management by helping to discern the intentions of current or potential opponents
Keep updating national defence planning and military operations (military intelligence).
Protect sensitive information, secrets of their own sources and other state sources for the nation’s benefit
Defense against the efforts of other national intelligence agencies also known as counter-intelligence.

Important Intelligence/Detective Agencies of the World

Detective Agencies	Country
Central External Liaison Department	China
Australian Security and Intelligence Organisation	Australia
K.G.B/G.R.U	Russia
Bureau of State Security (B.O.S.S)	South Africa
M.I (Military Intelligence)-5 and 6, Special Branch, Joint Intelligence Organisation	United Kingdom
Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), Intelligence Bureau (IB)	India
Central Intelligence Agencies (CIA), Federal Bureau of investigation (FBI)	USA
MOSSAD	Israel
Mukhbarat	Egypt
Naicho	Japan
SAVAK ( Sazamane Etelaat va Amniate Kechvar)	Iran
Al Mukhbarat	Iraq
DGSE (Direction General de Securite Exterieur)	France
Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS)	Canada

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List of Important Mountain Passes in India

List of Important Mountain Passes in India: A mountain pass is a navigable route through a mountain range or over a ridge. Mountain Passes have played a key role in trade, war, and both human and animal migration throughout history. A pass may be very short, consisting of steep slopes to the top of the pass, or maybe a valley many kilometers long, whose highest point might only be identifiable by surveying. In this article, we have provided you the list of important mountain passes of India.

List of Important Mountain Passes in India


Name	State	Height (ft)	Between/ Separating
Asirgarh	Madhya Pradesh
Auden’s Col	Uttarakhand	17,552
Banihal Pass	Jammu and Kashmir (Jammu, Kashmir)	9,291	Jammu & Kashmir
Bara-lacha-la	Himachal Pradesh	16,400
Bomdila	Arunachal Pradesh
Changla Pass	Jammu and Kashmir (Ladakh)	17,585	Leh & Changthang
Chanshal Pass	Himachal Pradesh	14,830
Dehra Compass	Jammu and Kashmir (Ladakh)
Debsa Pass	Himachal Pradesh	17,520
Diphu Pass	Arunachal Pradesh	4,587
Dongkhala	Sikkim	12,000
Dhumdhar Kandi Pass	Uttarakhand
Fotu La	Jammu and Kashmir (Ladakh)	13,451
Goecha La	Sikkim	16,207
Haldighati Pass	Rajasthan
Indrahar Pass	Himachal Pradesh	14,473
Jelep La	Sikkim	14,300
Khardung La	Jammu and Kashmir (Ladakh)	17,582	Leh & Nubra
Kongka Pass	Jammu and Kashmir (Ladakh)	16,965	Ladakh & Aksai Chin
Lanak Pass	Jammu and Kashmir (Ladakh)	17,933	Ladakh & Tibet
Kunzum Pass	Himachal Pradesh (Lahaul and Spiti)	14,931	Lahaul & Spiti
Karakoram Pass	Jammu and Kashmir (Ladakh)		Ladakh & Xinjiang
Lipulekh Pass	Uttarakhand	17,500
Lungalacha La	Jammu and Kashmir (Ladakh)	16,600
Lamkhaga Pass	Himachal Pradesh	17,336
Marsimik La	Jammu and Kashmir (Ladakh)	18,314
Mayali Pass	Uttarakhand	16,371
Nama Pass	Uttarakhand	18,399
Namika La	Jammu and Kashmir (Ladakh)	12,139
Nathu La	Sikkim	14,140	Sikkim & Tibet
Palakkad Gap	Kerala	750	Kerala & Tamil Nadu
Thamarassery Pass	Wayanad Kerala	1,700	Malabar & Mysore
Shenkottai pass	Kollam Kerala	690	Travancore & Tamil Nadu
Pensi La	Jammu and Kashmir (Ladakh)
Rezang La	Jammu and Kashmir (Ladakh)
Rohtang Pass	Himachal Pradesh	13,051	Manali & Lahaul
Sasser la	Jammu and Kashmir (Ladakh)	17,753	Nubra & Siachen Glacier
Sela Pass	Arunachal Pradesh	14,000
Shipki La	Himachal Pradesh
Sia La	Jammu and Kashmir (Siachen Glacier)	18,337
Shingo La	Jammu and Kashmir (Ladakh)
Spangur Gap	Jammu and Kashmir (Ladakh)
Gyong La	Jammu and Kashmir (Siachen Glacier)	18,655
Bilafond La	Jammu and Kashmir (Siachen Glacier)	17,881
Sin La	Uttarakhand
Tanglang La	Jammu and Kashmir (Ladakh)	17,583
Traill’s Pass	Uttarakhand	17,100
Zojila Pass	Jammu and Kashmir (Kashmir, Ladakh)	12,400	Kashmir & Ladakh

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Important Missiles of Indian Armed Forces

Important Missiles of Indian Armed Forces: Indian Missiles aims to give a supporting and attacking hand to the country’s defence strategy. The modern military requirement has pushed India to develop longer-range ballistic missiles and diversify its delivery platforms to become one of the superpowers of the world.

Important Missiles of Indian Armed Forces

BrahMos:

Manufacturer: BrahMos Aerospace Limited
Origin: Russia & India
Type: Super Sonic Cruise Missile
Range: 300 Km
Launch Platform: Ship, Submarine, Aircraft (under testing) and Land-based Mobile Launchers

Prahaar

Manufacturer: DRDO
Origin: India
Type: Cruise Missile
Range: 150Km
Launch Platform: Transporter Erector Launcher

“Prithvi” I:

Manufacturer: DRDO, BDL (Bharat Dynamics Limited)
Origin: India
Type: SRBM (Short Range Ballistic Missile)
Range: 150Km
Launch Platform: Transporter Erector Launcher

Prithvi II

Manufacturer: DRDO, BDL (Bharat Dynamics Limited)
Origin: India
Type: SRBM (Short Range Ballistic Missile)
Range: 250 – 350 Km
Launch Platform: Transporter Erector Launcher

Prithvi III

Manufacturer: DRDO, BDL (Bharat Dynamics Limited)
Origin: India
Type: SRBM (Short Range Ballistic Missile)
Range: 350 – 600 Km
Launch Platform: Transporter Erector Launcher

Shaurya

Manufacturer: DRDO
Origin: India
Type: MRBM (Medium Range Ballistic Missile)
Range: 700 – 1900 Km
Launch Platform: Transporter Erector Launcher or Underground Silo

Nirbhay

Manufacturer: DRDO
Origin: India
Type: Cruise Missile
Range: 1000 – 1500 Km
Launch Platform: Vertical Launch System

Agni I

Manufacturer: DRDO, BDL (Bharat Dynamics Limited)
Origin: India
Type: MRBM (Medium Range Ballistic Missile)
Range: 700 – 1250 Km
Launch Platform: Transporter Erector Launcher

Agni II

Manufacturer: DRDO, BDL (Bharat Dynamics Limited)
Origin: India
Type: IRBM (Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile)
Range: 2000 – 3500 Km
Launch Platform: Transporter Erector Launcher

Agni III

Manufacturer: DRDO, BDL (Bharat Dynamics Limited)
Origin: India
Type: IRBM (Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile)
Range: 3500 – 5000 Km
Launch Platform: Transporter Erector Launcher

Agni IV

Manufacturer: DRDO, BDL (Bharat Dynamics Limited)
Origin: India
Type: IRBM (Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile)
Range: 4000 – 6000 Km
Launch Platform: Transporter Erector Launcher

Agni V

Manufacturer: DRDO, BDL (Bharat Dynamics Limited)
Origin: India
Type: ICBM (Intercontinental Ballistic Missile)
Range: 5000 – 8000 Km
Launch Platform: Transporter Erector Launcher

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Varuna 2021, India-France Naval Exercise: All you need to know

Varuna 2021: The Indian and French Navies recently conducted the Varuna Naval Exercise in the Arabian Sea, named Varuna, 2021. It is a part of the Clemenceau 2021.

Varuna 2021, India-France Naval Exercise

The activity included surface and hostile to weapon firings, strategic moves, rotating wing flying tasks including cross deck helicopter arrivals and air safeguard and against submarine activities.

The Indian Navy was addressed by Stealth destroyer INS Kolkata, INS Talwar, INS Tarkash, Fleet Support Ship INS Deepak, Chetak Integral helicopters and a Kalvari class submarine. Additionally, the P81 Long reach Patrol Aircraft took part.

The French Navy was addressed by E2C Hawkeye airplanes, Rafale-M warrior, Horizon class air protection destroyer Chevalier Paul.

After VARUNA, 2021, the INS Tarkash is to proceed with its activity with the French Navy CSG. During the activity, the naval forces will direct progressed surface, air-protection tasks and hostile to submarine tasks.

Clemenceau 21. On February 21, 2021, the French Carrier Strike Group set forth for a long operational arrangement called “Clemenceau 21”. With this mission, the French Navy sent its military presence in spaces of key interests specifically Mediterranean Sea, Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean.

As a piece of Clemenceau 21, France held the GASWEX with its partners. Different nations that partook in the GASWEX practice were France, Japan, Belgium and US powers. The activity was held in the Arabian Sea and in the Gulf of Oman.

What is CSG?

CSG is Carrier Strike Group. They are deliberately pre-situated. It is generally made out of 7,500 staff. It incorporates a plane carrying warship, a destroyer unit, in any event one cruiser, transporter wing of 65 to 70 airplanes. Incidentally it likewise incorporates submarines.

The CSG of Japan that is taking part in Clemenceau 21 is Nationale’s Charles De Gaulle

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DRDO conducts maiden trial of Python-5 Air to Air Missile: Key Points

DRDO conducts maiden trial of Python-5 Air to Air Missile: Tejas, India’s indigenous Light Combat Aircraft, added the 5th generation Python-5 Air-to-Air Missile (AAM) in its air-to-air weapons capability on April 27, 2021. Trials were also aimed to validate enhanced capability of already integrated Derby Beyond Visual Range (BVR) AAM on Tejas.

The test firing at Goa completed a series of missile trials to validate its performance under extremely challenging scenarios. Derby missile achieved direct hit on a high-speed maneuvering aerial target and the Python missiles also achieved 100% hits, thereby validating their complete capability. The trials met all their planned objectives.

DRDO conducts maiden trial of Python-5 Air to Air Missile

Prior to these trials, extensive missile carriage flight tests were conducted at Bengaluru to assess integration of the missile with aircraft systems on board the Tejas, like Avionics, Fire-control radar, Missile Weapon Delivery System and the Flight Control System.

At Goa, after successful separation trials, live launch of the missile on a Banshee target was carried out. Python-5 missile live firing was conducted to validate target engagement from all aspects as well as beyond visual ranges. In all the live firings, missile hit the aerial target.

The missiles were fired from Tejas aircraft of Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) flown by Indian Air Force (IAF) Test pilots belonging to National Flight Test Centre (NFTC). The successful conduct was made possible with years of hard work by the team of scientists, engineers and technicians from ADA and HAL-ARDC along with admirable support from CEMILAC, DG-AQA, IAF PMT, NPO (LCA Navy) and INS HANSA.

Defence Minister Shri Rajnath Singh has congratulated the teams of DRDO, ADA, Indian Air Force, HAL and all involved in the trial. Secretary Department of Defence R&D and Chairman DRDO Dr G Satheesh Reddy appreciated the efforts of scientists, engineers and technicians from various organizations and industry.

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Project DANTAK completes 60 years in Bhutan: All you need to know

Project DANTAK completes 60 years in Bhutan: Project DANTAK is commemorating its Diamond Jubilee in Bhutan. Commandant, Indian Military Training Team (IMTRAT) Maj Gen Sanjeev Chauhan and Chief Engineer DANTAK Brig Kabir Kashyap also paid their respects at the memorial. It was a fitting tribute to the sacrifices made by personnel of DANTAK in strengthening the bonds of friendship between India and Bhutan. It may be recalled that over 1,200 DANTAK personnel laid down their lives while constructing important infrastructure in Bhutan.

Project DANTAK was established on April 24, 1961 as a result of the visionary leadership of His Majesty the Third King and then Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru. Identifying the utmost importance of connectivity in spurring the socio-economic development and growth of Bhutan, DANTAK was tasked to construct the pioneering motorable roads in the Kingdom. DANTAK completed the road connecting Samdrup Jongkhar to Trashigang in 1968. In the same year, Thimphu was connected to Phuentsholing by DANTAK. Many Bhutanese had also volunteered to work with DANTAK.

Over the years, DANTAK has met the myriad infrastructure requirements in Bhutan in accordance with the vision of Their Majesties and the aspirations of the people in a symbiotic manner. Some other notable projects executed by the project include the construction of Paro Airport, Yonphula Airfield, Thimphu – Trashigang Highway, Telecommunication & Hydro Power Infrastructure, Sherubtse College, Kanglung and India House Estate.

The medical and education facilities established by DANTAK in far flung areas were often the first in those locations. The food outlets along the road introduced the Bhutanese to Indian delicacies and developed a sweet tooth in them. The famous Takthi Canteen midway between Phuentsholing and Thimphu has been a compulsory stop for travelers.

As DANTAK celebrates six decades in Bhutan, the project reaffirms its commitment to support the march of Bhutan towards realising the dreams of His Majesty Druk Gyalpo, the plans of the Royal Government of Bhutan and aspirations of the people of the kingdom.

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Gallantry Awards of Indian Army: Facts, Selection Process: Check Here

Gallantry Awards of Indian Army: Facts, Selection Process: Check Here

Gallantry Awards of Indian Army: Gallantry Awards are presented to the personnel in the forces for bravery and valor. Gallantry awards are announced twice in a year – first on the occasion of the Republic Day and other on Independence Day. In this article, we will provide you with the complete information on the various gallantry awards given to individuals for a variety of services to the Republic of India. In this article we have provided you very important information related to gallantry awards of Indian Armed Forces

The Gallantry awards that are conferred in India are as follows(in the order of Precedence):

Param Vir Chakra
Mahavir Chakra
Vir Chakra
Ashoka Chakra
Kirti Chakra
Shaurya Chakra

Gallantry Awards of Indian Army: Facts, Selection Process: Check Here

Major facts about the Gallantry Awards

The first 3 awards in this category that came into existence after independence are- Param Vir Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Vir Chakra.
These awards are conferred twice a year- on Republic Day and Independence Day.
The other 3 gallantry awards were introduced in 1952- Ashok Chakra Class I, ashok Chakra Class II, Ashok Chakra Class III. Later, they were named as Ashok Chakra, Kirti Chakra and Shaurya Chakra.
The gallantry Awards have a certain selection process for the recipients.

Selection Process for Gallantry Awards

The basic selection process for these awards are:

In the case of Armed Forces, the award is initiated by the Unit.
The recommended personnel name are sent to the Service Headquarters under the supervision of Commanders in the chain.
The Awards Committee verifies the list and gets it approved by the Chiefs before sending the proposal to the Ministry Of Defence.
Ministry of Defence invites recommendations twice in a year from the Armed Forces and Union Ministry of Home Affairs for gallantry awards.
Recommendations in respect of civilian citizens (other than Defence personnel) are received from the Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).
Recommendations received from the Armed Forces and MHA are considered by the Central Honours & Awards Committee (CH&AC) comprising of Raksha Mantri, three Service Chiefs & Defence Secretary. Home Secretary is also member for the cases recommended by the Ministry of Home Affairs.

Thereafter, recommendations of the CH&AC are submitted for approval of the Prime Minister and the President.
After approval of the President, awards are announced on the occasion of the Republic Day and Independence Day.

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Important of Games and Sports in Schools and Colleges: SSB Lecturette Topic

SSB Lecturette Topics 2021: Tips to crack SSB

SSB Lecturette Topics 2021: Defence aspirants are always keen to know about the SSB Lecturette topic and how to deliver Lecturette. Lecturette is one of the task which is conducted during GTO Technique on day 2 of GTO tasks. The main motive behind conducting this task is to check the power of expression and other qualities. GTO gives you three minutes for the preparation and three minute to speak in front of your group. In this article we would be sharing SSB Lecturette Topics 2021:

SSB Lecturette Topics 2021

Population Explosion
Corruption in India
Pollution
Cyber security
Rain Water Harvesting
Global Warming
Unemployment in India
Drug addiction
Education system In India
AIDS
Child Labour
Value of Sports and Games
Medical Tourism
My hobby
My Role Model
Role of Opposition Party
Role of Media in Society
India and its Neighbour
Global Terrorism
Human Rights
RTI act
Kashmir Problem
Article 370
AFSPA act
CTBT and NPT
Uniform Civil Code
ISRO
SAARC
BIMSTEC
ASEAN
OPEC
European Union
Brexit
River and its interlinking
FDI
Banana Government
Women Empowerment
Indo-Pak Relations
Indo-Bangladesh Relation
Indo-China Relation
Indo-USA Relation
Indo-France Relation
Indo-Japan Relation
Indo-Israel Relation
Indo-Srilanka Relation
Naxalism
Sex Education
Reservation for women
Compulsory Military Training
Missile technology control Regime

How to deliver the SSB Interview Lecturette

Below we have mentioned some tips for SSB Interview Lecturette.

Start your lecturette with Good and effective introduction. Make eye contact with your group while speaking.
Your Body language plays very important role while you speak. Resist your hand movements Be very gentle, stand straight and speak confidently, if possible a touch of humor will be handy.
Give fact and figures, pros and cons about the topic in the main part and maintain the eye contact with your group.
To sum up your lecturette use the time judiciously and end it with a good message or your logical opinion or suggestion about the topics.
It is supposed to be delivered in English language, you may switch to Hindi if you get stuck in between, but revert back to English as early as possible.
Start speaking in front of the mirror loudly, even speaking and recording your voice is also good technique to improve for lecturette

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List of recent Military Exercise of India with other Countries

List of recent Military Exercise of India with other Countries: Defence knowledge plays very important role in every defence examination. One question is definitely asked from this section. In this article we have provided you the recent military exercises of Indian Armed Forces with different countries.

List of recent Military Exercise of India with other Countries

1. Exercise Sampriti is a Joint Training Exercise between India-Bangladesh held alternately in India and Bangladesh every year.

2. Indra is the joint exercise between the armed forces of India and Russia.

3. Exercise Dharma Guardian is an annual training event which has been conducted between India and Japan

4. Hand in Hand is a joint military exercise between India and China held under a United Nations mandate.

5. Exercise Maitree is a joint military exercise between Indian and Thailand Army

6. Garuda Shakti is a bilateral exercise between special forces of armies of India and Indonesia.

7. Mitra Shakti exercise is conducted annually as a part of military diplomacy and interaction between the armies of India and Sri Lanka.

8. Tiger Triumph is a bilateral tri-service amphibious military exercise involving the armed forces of the India and the United States. Other Exercises with US-Vajra Prahar, Yudh Abhyas

9. AUSINDEX major bienial bilateral exercise between Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and Indian Navy

10 KazInd-India and Kazakhstan Military Exercise

11. Surya Kiran-India and Nepal

12. Nomadic Elephant- India and Mongolia joint military exercise

13. Harimau Shakti- India and Malaysia joint military exercise

14. Exercise Khanjar- India and Kyrgyzstan joint military exercise

15. Lamitye- India and Seychelles joint military exercise

16. Exercise SHAKTI-India and France joint military exercise

17. Vinbax- India and Vietnam Bilateral Army Exercise

18. Ajeya Warrior- India-United Kingdom joint military exercise

19. Imbax-India and Myanmar Bilateral Army Exercise

20. Prabal Dostyk-Indian and Kazakhstan Army Exercise

21. Bold Kurukshetra-India and Singapore joint military training exercise

22. Al Nagah- India and Oman

23. Ekuverin- India and Maldives

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List of Small Arms Weapon used by Indian Army: Check Here

List of Small Arms Weapon used by Indian Army: In this article, we have provided you the list of small arm weapons used by Indian Army. Knowing about our forces and their weapons is must when you want to join Defence Forces. Here is the list of Important small arms used by Indian Army.